Jeremiah

 

 

 

I’ve been reading the Old Testament Book of Jeremiah, who is thought to have lived in the Holy Land six centuries before the birth of Jesus.

It is a tough read.

This is the part of the Bible where God is described as angry, vindictive, unforgiving, threatening, caustic, overbearing, petty, violent, bitter, hateful, short-tempered, unyielding, furious, regretful, vengeful.

And worse things.

The prophet is given a message that amounts to a statement that God hates, yes HATES, his people for their persistent attraction to the gods of neighboring nations, and to the customs of these people and their gods.

Jeremiah is given the task of announcing unremitting destruction of the entire Jewish nation, and that it is too late to do anything about it. Babylon will destroy Jewish society, Jewish monuments, Jewish animals, and the Jews themselves.

This fiercely angry God is unloving. He is terrible to envision.

He seems absolutely nothing like the Jesus I have come to know and love and worship. Nothing like the one who surrendered his life for me, though I did nothing to deserve his sacrifice. Nothing like the one hanging on a cross, having not spoken a word of self-defense at the hands of his killers.

The question is an obvious one – how can we reconcile the depiction of this violently angry, impatient, vindictive, petty Old Testament God with Jesus, the self-sacrificing God?

It is an old question.

I am fascinated by Marcion of Sinope, an early Christian theologian a bit more than a century after Jesus’ life. Marcion lived in Rome and his contemplations led him to an honest conclusion – the triune God revealed by Jesus Christ is simply a different God from this angry Old Testament ogre. To Marcion they were simply incompatible, too different in character to possibly be the same entity.

I actually give huge credit to Marcion for stating the obvious rather than ignoring it. This obvious incompatibility goes conveniently undiscussed in Christian churches. The threats and hateful words assigned to Jeremiah by God are not often mentioned, let alone discussed, in sermons from Christian pulpits.

Marcion said what needed to be said – this Old Testament God COULD NOT POSSIBLY BE JESUS CHRIST.

Marcion eventually was branded a heretic and fell from any kind of authority in orthodox Christianity. 

 

So much for Marcion.

But.

What about his POINT? It still is valid. How do we understand the tone of the caustic message reportedly given by God to Jeremiah, compared to the self-sacrificing message of Jesus Christ on the cross?

I’ve been thinking about it...

I’ve concluded that our New Testament God is the same God with the same demanding expectations for faithfulness.

But the equation has changed.

I am no longer responsible for living up to God’s demands for faithfulness.

This God knows that I cannot, any more than his people, the Jews, ever could.

God’s original covenant with his people, communicated to Moses, was about his people trying to be faithful, and failing. The only prescription for reconciliation after failure was the scrupulous ceremonial sacrifice of innocent animals and the offering of their blood. The prophecies of Jeremiah make clear that animal sacrifice had become thoroughly inadequate.

I am so utterly thankful that something changed, and that God changed it.

God announced a new covenant that is no longer about our faithfulness – it is about his faithfulness. It is about the faithfulness of Jesus Christ.

In the midst of the hateful threats given to Jeremiah to call down on his people, we find a remarkable message from God to Jeremiah, slipped with subtlety into Jeremiah 31:31-33:

“This is a brand-new covenant that I will make with Israel when the time comes. I will put my law within them – write it on their hearts! – and be their God. And they will be my people. They will no longer go around setting up schools to teach each other about God. They’ll know me first hand…I’ll wipe the slate clean for each of them. I’ll forget they ever sinned!”

There in the midst of the hate, this angry God slips in an unimaginable promise of a new covenant to take effect sometime in the distant future.

Few details, but a very different premise.

It takes six more centuries to unveil the truth.

In the Gospel of Luke, chapter 22, verse 20 we read about Jesus’ last night alive with his friends. Celebrating the ceremonial stages of the Jewish Passover meal, Jesus reached the prescribed step where the cup was to be shared with all reclining around the table.
 

"This cup is the new covenant written in my blood, blood poured out for you."

How many times have I heard those words and let them slide past me meaninglessly at communion services?

The same demands for perfect faithfulness. The same responsibilities to a perfect God. The same need for some kind of blood to pay for shortcomings.

All the same.

But so different. This new covenant, promised to Jeremiah, announced by Jesus, is not about my obedience. It is about Jesus’ obedience. It is not about me living up to standards. It is about Jesus living up to standards. It is not about the repeated sacrifices of innocent animals. It is about the one sacrifice of an innocent God himself.

For me.

And you.

Marcion didn’t realize that the answer to his puzzle was not that there are different Old Testament and New Testament Gods.

The answer to his puzzle was that there are different Old Testament and New Testament covenants.

I am so glad that there is a new covenant.

Now with every hateful and vengeful prophecy I read in Jeremiah, I think with tears of the one who somehow felt the full weight of that anger, paying once and for all for me and you and for all who will ever have sinned.

Yes, I am so glad that there is a new covenant.

3.25.23

see myself

 

 

I see myself on gleaming shore,

– warm are the ripples here.

The path behind me, scarcely seen,

no haste, no pain, no fear.

 

 

I see myself, I stroll alone,

the breeze and sky bathe all –

Yet far ahead another comes,

with features unknown now.

 

I see myself, drawn to that form,

more warmth than person yet –

What story brought me to this shore?

How could I now forget?

 

I see myself, oh sudden thought,

this place – the other side.

And the one who walks toward me –

the answer for all time.

 

All that matters is this one –

this countenance now seen.

Things past and gone, though happy gold, 

count not at all in thee.

 

I see myself, the old is past,

all mem’ries quickly flee.

Now grasping how my way was paid,

to bring this shore to me.

 

I see myself now kneeling here,

in timeless sun and sand.

In tears I lose myself in joy.

In tears I take your hand.

 

 

 

Luke 20:27-38

2/24

you see a crown

 

When you see me, you see a crown

Braided thorns to lacerate

When you see me, you see his tears

Feel again his last heartbeat

 

When you hear me, my voice is his

My merit gone, his payment still

My falt’tring words give way ‘ere long

You hear him begging for your will

 

How can one who knows my all

Who’s seen me dark and loathsome live

Yet blind yourself now to my fall

See only him and freedom give?

 

 

Ever seeing yet as blind

You choose to keep him in my place 

‘Twill never change, in him I’m found

Forever mine, you see his face

 

 

When you touch me, ‘tis like a dove

Graceful wings, so silently 

As if you smile again on him

Bestow yourself for all to see

 

 

How can one who knows my all

Who’s seen me dark and loathsome live

Yet blind yourself now to my fall

See only him and freedom give?

 

 

 

4/23

sunrise

 

 

Sunset was my time of day

Painful mem’ries washed away

Deep’ning colors, growing breeze

The boughs begin to sway

 

I’m tired now, the nights grow cold

My sleep eludes, my dreams are old

A distant light, a still voice calls

A glimpse of diff’rent gold

 

Now sunrise ever calls to me

The gold of promise, come to be

Payment, freedom, rescue mine

Forever death from light will flee

Forever death from light will flee

 

I'll never be the same again

Changed for all through what you've done

Your goodness giv'n, your gift alone

Behold the rising son

 

Now sunrise ever calls to me

The gold of promise, come to be

Payment, freedom, rescue mine

Forever death from light will flee

Forever death from light will flee

 

 

 

 

11.30.22

mom

It was Sunday, October 16, 2022. It had been a busy weekend with Liz joining us from Minneapolis with her dogs, and Laura’s sister and mom visiting overnight from Madison. Family members had dropped by to greet Laura’s mom. All but Liz had departed by Sunday morning so around noon we three headed for lunch at a favorite local food hall and plopped down with hot food and cold drinks. As I was returning to the table with a few last items, Liz mentioned that Laura had a phone message from Madison that my mother (now 87 and living alone at home since the death of my father four years ago) had not made her daily morning wellness call to the local agency. That was unusual. I got up from the table and walked to a quieter part of the large room and called my mom’s cell phone. No answer.     

A minute later we got a phone call from one of my mother’s church friends in Madison. Mom missed her zoom church service that morning, where she had been scheduled to read a Bible passage. Unusual. The rector and a friend intuitively drove the few blocks to mom’s house after church, knocked and called from the various doors, but got no response. They called the police for a wellness check. As one of a hundred well thought-out plans, mom had her garage code on file with the police, so access was easy. As another example of the hundred plans, kind neighbors across the street had a back-up house key and they also stepped forward, noticing the arrival of police and then an ambulance.     

Mom was found unconscious next to her small bed, wearing her pajamas. She had likely been unconscious for several hours. She was not responsive and was conveyed promptly to the University of Wisconsin Hospital, the same facility where I had done my PhD work in the mid-1980s.   Mom was in the ER and had received a CT scan. I found the phone number for the hospital and was quickly transferred to the ER desk. Within a minute, remarkably, I was on the phone with the young female physician caring for my mom. I carried my phone back to the table where Laura and Liz sat across from me. Laura handed me a sheet of paper as I took notes. The two women watched my face and listened to my half of the conversation and saw my writing.     

Mom had suffered a severe stroke with a large accumulation of blood deep in her brain. There was blood also in the ventricles. It was, clearly, an unrecoverable event.     

While listening I felt a mixture of sorrow and resignation. Liz could see it in my face and hear it in my voice. Tears welled up in her eyes across from me.     

The doctor and I spoke briefly, and I thanked her. She asked about my mother’s ‘do not resuscitate’ bracelet and I affirmed that mom’s care should not include interventions other than comfort. This direction had been made crystal clear by mom over the years. I was certain about it in my mind, and I knew with confidence that the direction would resonate with all family members and friends. Mom had left no doubt.     

Minutes later I got a phone call from a nurse regarding medication to reduce mom’s blood pressure, and I declined it, clarifying to the team that decisions could now be simplified going forward – no medications or interventions or escalations other than comfort measures. The nurse was appreciative of such clarity.     

I had one piece of pizza and finished my drink while Laura and Liz packed up our otherwise uneaten food. It was evident that I needed to drive the three hours to Madison. I left a message for my sister in Fond du Lac. Laura helped pack enough for three days. I emailed colleagues for back-up help with my graduate school class, and my faithful lab manager for back-up help with my research lab.     

I printed off a special document that created the foundation for the next 3 days. It was 14 pages of digital answers to a list of vital and end-of-life questions that my brother and I had posed to my mom earlier in the year. She had dutifully and accurately assembled all the requested information. I had organized it and shared the compilation with my brother and sister, just in case. 

 

Now, here we were.     

 

The document was perfect. It, together with a file that included memorial service preferences and a pre-written obituary, were all at hand.     

Remarkable.     

Then I was off.     

I love the drive from Rochester to Madison, crossing the Mississippi in La Crosse. Laura let me take her car with hands-free phone, and this allowed me to speak with my sister and brother and make plans to have my sister meet me at our childhood home before driving to the hospital.     

The house felt totally normal. One hall table had been moved, presumably to facilitate gurney access. Mom’s bed was unmade, but the room was otherwise normal. Everything felt normal.     

 

Except mom was gone.     

It had been an odd few weeks for mom. Things had been fine over the summer except for the need to euthanize her last beloved kitty. Just a few weeks before her stroke, mom experienced a heart event and had received a pacemaker. I had been busy with teaching and mom and friends had managed. My sister had driven down twice to help on weekends. Mom wasn’t happy about the pacemaker, the software connections, the need for physical therapy at home to restore arm mobility after the implant.     

But she was improving and back to being herself. The day before her stroke she and my brother had a long phone call. He said she was very much herself. Lots to say. No shortage of opinions, coherent, bright.     

 

Mom’s stroke was a gift of pure grace in that it immediately incapacitated that mind so there was no pain, no anxiety, no distress. It was the blessing she had always sought – the path to a peaceful and uncomplicated death, a death to match her husband’s quiet death in his bed at home. Mom spoke with deep gratitude and frequency about that experience.     

Her death turned out to be very much the same.     

Grace.     

My sister and I met mom’s good friend in the emergency room. The place had entry security protocols and a TSA-like feel. Masks, the usual buzz and waiting patients. Limits on guests. It was late afternoon and mom’s friends had generously been keeping vigil with her the whole time.     

Mom was quietly asleep in her bed. She had nasal oxygen but otherwise looked completely peaceful. We and her caregivers spoke to her politely, but in her coma I am convinced that she was already gone.     

I asked myself – where is she really? How does resurrection work? When does faith become sight?     

 

My sister and I prayed together as we held mom’s hands. We cried quietly. I found a small box of tissues. The box became a note pad for our time in the ER. I began using my cell phone to take pictures as notes and records.     

I spoke on the phone with the palliative care team lead, a perfectly trained and entirely professional physician who clarified everything in just a few minutes.     

My sister followed my mom as she was relocated to a quiet and spacious room in the palliative area of 6th floor oncology in the B tower. I met them there after moving our car.     

The room was perfect. The view was of mom’s beloved Lake Mendota, the University of Wisconsin campus, State Street, and the state capital. Mom would have loved it. She slept quietly.     

There were two striking things about our two days in this room.     

Mom was silently asleep. This was a woman who could not otherwise stop talking, and these last two days were kept in silence.     

Mom was entirely peaceful. For years she had been struggling with a muscle tremor that affected her neck, making various aspects of life uncomfortable. She never complained about it. Now she slept without tremor, completely still.       

The care teams were exceptional. The young nurses shared unexpected connections to Fond du Lac and to a former MD-PhD student of mine. The palliative care residents demonstrated excellent emotional intelligence, rapidly sizing up the room and who in the room needed attention. This was never mom, as she slept quietly. It was often my sister, whose own prior career as a hospice caregiver made these two days easier, and harder.     

My sister and I were gifted these hours to work together, to care for each other, and to talk. She would nap or chat with me. I was seated with my laptop working through my list of final wishes and contacts for my mom, sending texts and emails. Had mom died immediately, my sister and I would not have shared this experience.     

Throughout my mom’s death, I had the very clear impression that I was reading from a lovingly prepared script, in a play that had been written by grace.     

There were no hard moments.     

My sister and I decided that we would leave the hospital each night for food and rest. Sunday night and Monday night we returned to our childhood home, now missing its primary occupant. We ate together there or at various fast-food destinations. We slept as best we could.       

It wasn’t clear how long this vigil might last. By Monday night I had worked my way through most of the list.     

Mom’s breathing was becoming shallow. Her face still peaceful, skin tone changed subtly, mouth slightly more open.     

My sister said that maybe this would be the night that mom would die. We agreed to go home to sleep, and that we would not be sad if we got the phone call during the night.     

We didn’t.     

Tuesday morning we woke and dressed. We had breakfast. We arrived at the hospital just after 8 AM. It was chilly. There had been snow flurries Monday – a typical Wisconsin fall. There were whitecaps on the lake.     

We took off our coats and approached mom’s bed. My sister spoke a greeting and gently touched mom’s face. I took mom’s left hand. She was warm and peaceful under the covers.     

Peaceful.     

At that moment, not one minute after we arrived in the room, mom inhaled gently but audibly, and was silent.     

My sister and I looked at each other.     

“That might have been it. She waited for us.”     

We checked for mom’s pulse at her wrist and neck. There was no pulse. Her body was finished with its earthly work.     

It was one of the most remarkable moments of my life.     

It was a privilege to be there, and to experience that kind of focused grace.     

We prayed again, in tears, believing that Jesus had long ago paid the debt that mom, and me, and everything else that will ever have lived, could not pay.     

Jesus taught that heaven’s joys will far exceed the joys we have known here.     

That may be.     

I thought of the joys of a young high school couple in Iowa in the 1950s.     

And I was filled with gratitude. Again.         

10/23/22

words

A detail of the Saint John's Bible, designed and illustrated by Donald Jackson and colleagues. Monmouth, Wales, United Kingdom. Commissioned by Saint John's Abbey and University, Collegeville, Minnesota. A gift to Mayo Clinic by Stephen and Barbara Slaggie

 

 

I’ve been reading an interesting book about the proper role of women in Christian churches. What actually interests me most about the book is not its conclusions about women in Christian churches, but how the author, a conservative Christian Bible scholar and the product of evangelical divinity schools, chooses to think about the Bible. Because of her theological education in this environment, the author believes not only that the Bible is a special and supernatural book, but that the original Greek, Aramaic, and Hebrew words translated for us into English, were individually inspired by God.

 

In essence, the author works from the assumption that the Bible is not just God’s Word, it is God’s words.

 

Though this may be a common view in conservative evangelical Christianity, it wasn’t until reading this treatise on women in the church that I recognized how different is my own understanding of biblical inspiration. Readers of my blog will perhaps not be surprised to hear this, based on the past essays posted here (for example this and this and this).

 

I contend that the Bible should be understood as a scrapbook, not as a textbook.

 

Let me also be clear that what I am sharing here are my own opinions based on informal Bible study. I claim no formal divinity school training at all. I am not a Bible scholar. I read neither Greek nor Hebrew nor Aramaic.

 

 And I could be wrong.

 

But, what I write follows from 40+ years of thinking and reading since I first understood that the remedy for my guilt and moral failings comes through accepting that Jesus Christ died in my place. My faith in him undeservedly grants me his righteousness forever.

 

Is the Bible God’s Word or is it God’s words?

 

I will begin by making it quite clear that the ancient texts collected and translated as our Bible are strikingly unusual with respect to the strong evidence for their faithful and accurate transmission over centuries. Though no original manuscripts are available, the copies of copies that have been handed down provide evidence of accurate transmission that far exceeds that available for any other ancient texts. It appears that these biblical documents have been transmitted with care and accuracy.

 

This, however, does not imply that the documents are supernatural or have been supernaturally preserved from error.

 

The faithful transmission of these documents also does not tell us if they are God’s Word or God’s words. That judgement requires a decision on our part.

 

We need to remember that what Christians now call the Bible was assembled through a process over multiple centuries. This process involved collecting separate documents and various committee discussions and eventually votes on the canon, i.e. the essential compilation.

 

The Muratorian Canon fragment is a barely-legible copy of a canon list thought to date to AD 170 , including most of our familiar New Testament books, but without the letter to the Hebrews, the letter of James, and the first and second letters of Peter. The fragment is also unclear about whether the three letters of John were included. This suggests that a somewhat shorter version of the New Testament collection was recognized perhaps 140 years after Jesus’ death (the same number of years that separates me from the birth of my great grandparents).  

 

By AD 363, the Council (committee) of Laodicea had settled on the same Old Testament books that we recognize, plus the equivalent of our New Testament without the book of Revelation. Importantly, that council also recognized two Apocryphal books as belonging in the collection. These latter are books where the value and extent of divine inspiration were debated by the committee.

 

The current form of our Old Testament with five Apocryphal books and a New Testament canon with our 27 books is evident by AD 367 when Bishop Athanasius of Alexandria summarized them in a letter.

 

The Council of Carthage (AD 397) affirmed this modern list as authoritative, including the five Apocryphal books.

 

Thus within 350 years of Jesus’ death (the same number of years that separates me from Isaac Newton) a canonical Bible collection had been assembled. It should be emphasized that the value of the Apocryphal books in this canon continues to be debated even now. Catholic and Orthodox churches have voted to retain them, and Protestant churches have voted that these questioned documents should not be included in modern Bibles. Thus, although the Apocryphal books are generally not considered to carry essential Christian doctrines, we must admit that the question of which documents really belong in “the canon” is still actually unresolved.

 

Interestingly, as recently as five centuries ago professor of theology, Bible translator, and reformer Martin Luther (1483 – 1546) disputed the value of certain biblical books, suggesting that all Bible books are not equally inspired. Luther proposed what amounts to a New Testament Apocrypha.  He considered the letter to the Hebrews, the letters of James and Jude, and the book of Revelation to be disputed books with lower doctrinal value. Luther positioned these books separately in his German Bible translation, along with the traditional Apocryphal books.

 

This exercise reminds us that the Bible itself provides no table of contents. Humans are responsible for that. Christians trust that God’s wisdom influenced table of contents committees over the centuries. Those committee debates still aren’t quite settled.

 

I argue here that while the original Bible documents could be a supernatural and miraculous collection of God’s words, this is not actually a claim of the Bible authors, and it is not a necessary assumption for Christians who take the Bible seriously and seek to study it as God’s Word.

 

Instead, I see the Bible as a fascinating and complex collection of ancient documents representing many different kinds of literature written by many different authors for many different reasons over many centuries. I see the Bible as an extremely valuable collection because it tells a transcendent story that explains our purpose in the universe. This is one thing that science cannot explain. The stories told in the Bible are braided into one over-arching message of rescue and redemption. I think it is the most compelling story I’ve ever heard, and I think that’s why I believe it. It’s too beautiful not to believe.

 

Though there are facts to reference, my faith is inspired by an aesthetic argument, perhaps a surprising confession from a scientist.

 

The Bible is worth studying as the Word (that is, message) of God, but is it the words of God?

 

Beyond the story that God worked alone to inscribe the Ten Commandments on stone tablets in the book of Exodus, the Old Testament writers sometimes claim other forms of divine inspiration, using phrases like “Thus says the Lord.” In other cases, God’s voice is quoted. This doesn’t clarify whether what was inspired were ideas or individual words.

 

The New Testament claims about inspiration are more interesting. The author of the book that motivated this essay had been trained in a system where the original words of the Bible books are assumed to be supernatural and inerrant, so any biblical claims of inspiration must therefore be true.

 

What are these claims? I pick four examples (showing the New International Version translation):

 

2 Timothy 3:16-17

All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the servant of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work.

 

This familiar passage makes a claim for all Scripture, but it is entirely debatable whether Paul thought that his own letters or other documents later collected as the New Testament should be considered to be included as what he meant by Scripture. Evangelical Christians choose to adopt this view, but it is not at all self-evident. It seems more likely to me that Paul was referencing the Jewish Scriptures. We don’t know. Moreover, it is not clear what Paul means by God-breathed. It is not necessary to interpret this as God choosing words. God can inspire in many ways to convey a message. God inspires actions and he inspires creativity in forms other than writing. God inspires art. This inspiration is not limited to written words. God is far more powerful than that.

 

Hebrews 4:12

For the word of God is alive and active. Sharper than any double-edged sword, it penetrates even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow; it judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart.

 

This powerful passage does not help us distinguish between the Bible as containing the Word of God or the words of God. It says that whatever is meant by “word of God” is powerful. Does this refer to the Jewish scriptures? More? Less? We don’t know. One thing is clear, there was no New Testament when this passage was written.

 

2 Peter 3:15-16

Bear in mind that our Lord’s patience means salvation, just as our dear brother Paul also wrote you with the wisdom that God gave him. He writes the same way in all his letters, speaking in them of these matters. His letters contain some things that are hard to understand, which ignorant and unstable people distort, as they do the other Scriptures, to their own destruction.

 

The conservative author of the book that inspired this essay uses this verse as a proof text for the Bible being the words of God. According to this reasoning, if Paul claims that all Scripture is God-breathed, and if Peter considers Paul’s letters to be like other “Scriptures” then Paul’s letters, at least, should be considered as word-for-word God-breathed Scripture. I see this as unnecessary circular reasoning to justify a narrow view of how the Bible is inspired. It's pretty much saying: “Why do I think the Bible is inspired? Because it says it is, and because the Bible is inspired then it must be true. And because ‘inspired’ must mean that every word was given by God then the whole Bible must be understood as word-for-word true.”

 

Sorry. Not convincing to me.

 

2 Peter 1:20-21

Above all, you must understand that no prophecy of Scripture came about by the prophet’s own interpretation of things. For prophecy never had its origin in the human will, but prophets, though human, spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit.

 

Here again we are confronted by uncertainty about what Peter considered to be Scripture? The Jewish Old Testament? Paul’s letters? Peter’s own letters, including this one? And which prophets are being mentioned? Old Testament authors? It is again not at all clear that this passage can be applied to itself and to other documents only later collected as the New Testament. Regardless of which prophecies of Scripture are described, the inspiration resulting from being “carried along by the Holy Spirit” need not imply word-for-word dictation. That assumption has been added by conservative scholars. Why not inspired in the same sense that music, painting, sculpture, and dance are inspired?

 

Thus, I choose to believe that the documents of the Bible have been accurately transmitted through history as a wonderful scrapbook, not a textbook, and they convey God’s Word (message), not God’s words. This view is consistent with what the Bible authors, themselves, write. This view explains the complexities and cultural contexts in which the stories are embedded. This view requires that a lot of homework be done before trying to understand the documents that convey the message. This view implies that God’s Word is carried by the thrust and themes of the stories, not by their individual words. This view allows for misunderstandings, contradictions, errors, exaggerations, pride, prejudice, pre-scientific explanations, politics, myths, and folklore. All these aspects of human literature can certainly be inspired by God.

 

It is threatening to some to perceive that the thrust of a message is more important than its individual words. This means that work must be done to understand the main point and resist normalizing cultural and temporal references that are tangential to that message and that, in fact, can distract from it.

 

The conservative author whose book inspired this essay devotes hundreds of pages in preparation before confronting the following familiar (notorious?) passage from St. Paul’s first letter to Timothy:

 

1 Timothy 2:11-13

A woman should learn in quietness and full submission. I do not permit a woman to teach or to assume authority over a man; she must be quiet. For Adam was formed first, then Eve.

 

Whether or not it has been properly interpreted, this and other verses have contributed for generations to a Christian culture that represses women and minimizes female leadership. I admire her, but the conservative author whose book inspired this essay has no self-consistent option except to say that the words reproduced above are translations of God’s own Greek words. She then must engage in all manner of logical and linguistic and hermeneutical gymnastics to try to escape the plain meaning of the text. Indeed, she gets points for trying.

 

However, I find this wriggling to be tremendously unsatisfying and unnecessary. Paul was writing in a time and place separated from us by 20 centuries of scientific insight and cultural evolution. This particular section of his writing simply reveals that Paul, no matter how progressive, is a creature of his culture and particular circumstances in a land far away and long ago. We should expect no different from a historical letter transmitted accurately across the centuries. This does not require us to understand these to be God’s words to us, even though they are collected as part of God’s Word (message).

 

I am attracted by the idea that the Bible is a complex and beautiful collection of documents, organized later by wise but struggling humans doing their best to sort out texts that shed light on God’s beautiful thematic story. I have no problem believing that God’s grace somehow led to this collection, without me needing to accept the document as a collection of God’s words, and without me needing to take sides on debates about whether the individual documents in the collection are equally inspired.

 

The authors don’t claim that, and we don’t need to. The beauty and transforming power of these documents don’t require such a limited view.

 

Thus, I don’t have a problem with the passage above from Paul’s second letter to Timothy because I simply don’t think it applies in modern America. It may accurately describe Paul’s opinion at the time and place that it was written, but that’s it. It is our responsibility to do homework to determine what should or must or must not be applied here and now. We should not be surprised at all when culture and science have moved us past the context of the authors. We should read carefully and seriously, but then discern which particulars do and do not apply. This should not be surprising.

 

Inevitably it will be objected that picking and choosing will result from this approach. I agree. Picking and choosing are exactly what we should do with a complex collection of historical documents. If we are honest, we must admit that we already do this all the time.

 

What do we do to find common ground if the individual words of the Bible are not themselves supernatural, and if people disagree over what does and does not apply to our current circumstances so many centuries after these texts were composed? Easy. We focus on the major themes and the beautiful rescue message carried by the text. We avoid preoccupation by distracting minor topics where culture and history cast doubt on modern applicability.  

 

This is one reason why the history of Christianity is marked by the composition of great creeds authored by committees, the same kinds of committees that voted on the canon of documents to include as the Bible collection. The goal of creeds is to place focus on the important teachable themes and set aside distractions. If we read the great creeds, things are simplified. For example, it was in AD 325 that a committee in Nicaea first decided on this creed:

 

We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of all things visible and invisible.

And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, begotten of the Father, God of God, Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the Father;

By whom all things were made;

Who for us men, and for our salvation, came down and was incarnate and was made man;

He suffered, and the third day he rose again, ascended into heaven;

From thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead.

And in the Holy Ghost.

 

The essay you are reading was motivated by soul-searching inspired by a thoughtful and analytical but fraught book by a conservative author struggling with a theology of gender relations in the modern Christian church, while adhering to the belief that the Bible is God’s words. I admire the author’s valiant attempts and consistency within her conservative theology. I appreciated her book because it helped me realize that the author and I love and serve the same God and have accepted the same undeserved sacrifice to set us free.

 

But we understand the Bible differently.

 

To me, the Bible is God’s Word, not his words.

 

12.22.21

truncated icosahedron

 

[Today I had the privilege of speaking briefly to groups of elementary school soccer players...]  

truncated icosahedron

That is the fancy mathematician’s name for the shape of a soccer ball, with exactly twelve 5-sided pentagons and twenty 6-sided hexagons, so 32 shapes altogether, with each pentagon surrounded by hexagons. There are 60 corners.

Why does that make me think of God?

I am reminded that we experience God in different ways. The Bible describes three of those ways as like a Father, like a Son (Jesus), and like a Spirit (that we can’t see). There are other things in this world that can appear to us in different ways even though they are all the same thing. Maybe you can think of some.

One of my favorite examples is a common kind of atom called carbon. Remember that atoms are so small that we can’t see them, but everything we can touch and see is built from billions and trillions of tiny atoms. Carbon atoms are everywhere in our bodies and the world around us.

What’s cool is that pure carbon atoms can organize in very different ways and appear to us differently, just as God does.

When organized one way, carbon atoms form graphite, like the black tip of a pencil for writing and drawing on paper. 

When organized another way, carbon atoms are crystal clear and form beautiful diamonds that look very different from carbon in the tip of a pencil. 

And not long ago, scientists discovered that carbon atoms can organize in a third way that nobody had ever imagined before – Carbon atoms can form tiny clusters of 60 atoms that are arranged exactly like invisibly small soccer balls – exactly the same arrangement of pentagons and hexagons, but all too small to see. How cool! There have been tiny soccer balls in the universe long before people figured out how to make them! That form of carbon has the funny name “buckminsterfullerene”. I think it is easier to say “soccer ball”. This form of carbon has different properties from graphite and diamond.

But, all three forms are still carbon.
 
When I see a soccer ball, it makes me think about how happy I am that God chooses to show himself to us in beautifully different ways.

8.28.21

Libertina

 

Earlier this summer I discovered monarch caterpillars on a milkweed plant in our back yard. I was delighted. I sent pictures to the girls. Almost 32 and 28 years old, and 100 miles away, I wanted to share my joy.

It seems like a lifetime ago, but both girls had shared monarch-centric chapters with our family during Middle School. Both had similar science units involving the collection of monarch eggs, rearing the various instar larval stages on milkweed leaves, dutifully weighing droppings and measuring growth to document the development of the brightly-striped animals heading toward spectacular metamorphosis. Our family was intrigued. Something about the miraculous multi-generational annual migration of the species between Mexico and the Upper Midwest remains unbelievable. Something about the transition from caterpillar to beautifully bejeweled green chrysalis, the darkening of the chrysalis, and the emergence of a crumpled adult that pumps fluid into its wings to present itself as a spectacular butterfly – something about these things is inescapably lovely and mysterious.

And yet there is also a hint of tragedy. Monarchs are likely in the process of extinction before our eyes. Having established their life cycles and windward flights over countless millenia, their habitat is fragmented and their environment distorted by herbicides and insecticides. I have often wondered with sorrow how many more generations of human children will rear monarch butterflies in Middle School in the Midwest.

The next day I went to check the monarch larvae in the back yard and all had vanished, likely picked off by birds in spite of what we had always been told was an unpleasant monarch flavor attributable to the consumption only of milkweed leaves.

I found myself strangely saddened.

I let the girls know in a short text.

What followed was a spontaneous call to action. Both daughters expressed their commitment to seek out local stands of milkweed, identify any minuscule monarch eggs on the undersides of leaves, and shepherd the lives of tiny larva in the safety of indoor containers with gathered milkweed leaves. Each girl found a few eggs and tiny larvae nearby and conscripted a friend or a husband to join the mission. Various stages of development were observed and shared by texted photos and video calls. Comparisons were made. Larvae were named. Release plans were discussed.

But it has been a bittersweet reunion with monarchs. The process has too often reminded us that metamorphosis is a complex process, full of risks and opportunities for failure. Few larvae have survived to take their turns in transition. Those that do can find ways to touch us deeply.

That happened yesterday.

My older daughter had documented the growth and development of a monarch caterpillar collected on Independence Day and duly named (without gender confirmation) ‘Libertina.’  Not long ago, having matured on her diet of milkweed leaves, Libertina climbed to the high mesh of her enclosure, quieted herself, and then engaged in the miracle that revealed the pupa within, which hardened to a lovely green chrysalis. 

Patience.

Libertina hatched yesterday. My daughter shared a photo of Libertina hanging with her fully-developed wings unfurled and strong.

I received the photo on my phone while working in my office. My reaction surprised me. I found myself staring at the picture, overcome by a child-like sense of wonder at the beauty of this wonderful insect with its spectacular wings, poised to become a creature of flight in wind and air. I felt the emotion welling up in me. I found myself saying a prayer of thanks for the undeserved gift of sharing this world with living things such as this, carrying stories and complexities beyond beautiful.

Soon it was confirmed that Libertina had lived up to her name – she was a female.

But it was a hard day.

As evening came, word also came that Libertina was not doing well. She was not strong, her legs had not developed properly, she was unable to cling to her mesh.

She fell.

Frantic texts were sent and received. A loving friend helped arrange Libertina near freshly-cut watermelon slices. There was a valiant effort to help Libertina stretch out her tongue to taste the sweetness. There was hope for resuscitation of the beautiful insect with her beautifully open wings.

In the mid-evening word came the Libertina was gone.

She had never flown.

I felt so sad – so strangely sad. I walked alone to our dark back yard and just let myself cry.

So sad.

In my tears I found myself thinking about promises…

…and hope.

I thought about a story from more than 20 centuries ago. A promise. A description of a kind of unimaginable love and power and gentleness.

The Book of Matthew records these familiar yet mysterious words of Jesus –

“Aren’t two sparrows sold for only a penny? But your Father knows when any one of them falls to the ground.”

There is one who knows and loves and cares for all things, somehow.

All things.

I found myself remembering the one dream I have ever been given where I sensed that I was experiencing the other side – the promised place of restoration and timelessness. I have written about it in this collection.

What was perhaps most poignant about that special and fleeting dream was that my glimpse of heaven was a scene filled with evidence of living things.

Could it be that there is a place of restoration for all that has ever been created – all that will ever be created?

A place of celebration and reunion and forgiveness and freedom and completion?

A place where I will see Libertina flying high on a warm breeze…forever?

Questions and answers about cancer

 

 

A friend of mine recently posed some important and insightful questions about cancer. 

I provided answers as a molecular biologist and cancer patient, seeking to be clear and as simple as possible.

I hope these good questions and my answers might be helpful, especially to new cancer patients and their family members.

Remember – these answers are not meant to substitute for the advice of a skilled medical doctor familiar with a particular patient.

 

    1    What is cancer and why does it happen?
 
“Cancer “ describes illnesses where one of the trillions of cells in the body becomes confused and starts to divide out of control. Each cell has a very complicated set of machinery, and the main set of instructions in the cell DNA has more than 20,000 different gene “recipes” or instructions for building all the tiny machines in the cell. We inherit one set of instructions from mom and a second set from dad. The two sets are slightly different, which is why mom and dad looked different from each other and why we look different from each of them. Errors can occur in these gene recipes. Some errors are inherited from our parents, but new errors in the DNA recipes can occur by accident or because of certain exposures in our environment (like cigarette smoke or sunlight) that damage the gene recipes in DNA. Some gene recipe errors confuse cells into dividing to form new cells. Cell division is a very good thing when we are growing up, but uncontrolled cell division can kill us if the growing cells (a “tumor”) spread and damage the rest of the body. Improper cell division that is slow and does not spread is called “benign.” A wart is a kind of uncontrolled cell division that is benign and can be cured by removal. On the other hand, “cancer” refers to uncontrolled dividing cells that spread within the body and damage it. “Malignant cancer” refers to cancer that is in that process of spreading, where control is harder. The weird thing about cancer is that it is part of our own body growing out of control. That makes it a hard problem to solve compared to an infection by a germ, because many treatments that kill the cancer have the potential to damage our normal cells too.
 
    2    How many different types of cancers are there?
 
Every different kind of human cell has the potential to become confused and grow out of control. Because there are hundreds of different kinds of cells in the body, there are literally hundreds of different kinds of cancer, depending on what kind of cell is growing out of control. Even more common cancers like breast cancer and colon cancer and ovarian cancer and lung cancer actually occur in different types because there are more than one kind of cell in each of these organs. Cancers are usually named for the kind of cell that is confused, and sometimes for the specific source of the confusion. For example, there are many different kinds of blood cancers including lymphomas and leukemias because there are many different kinds of cells in the blood. Because cells are so complicated, there are many different kinds of errors in the gene recipes that might confuse them. GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor) is caused when one of a special kind of cell called the “interstitial cell of Cajal” becomes confused and grows out of control. Even for GIST, there are different kinds of gene recipe mistakes that can confuse these cells into growing out of control. Depending on the source of the confusion, different treatments may be indicated. A common analogy is to think of a tiny, invisibly small cell as if it were a tiny car that needs to drive safely. Imagine all the mistakes in a car that could make it unsafe. Imagine if an error is present in the machinery of the brakes so the car can’t stop, or if the gas pedal is broken and stays pressed all the time. That is like cancer. Many other errors might simply prevent the car from running, and those errors would not cause cancer.
 
 
    3    What does it mean when someone is predisposed to cancer? Why does the risk factor increase?
 
Errors in the 20,000 gene recipes in the DNA of each cell can arise in different ways. Some errors are pure accidents of DNA copying by the cell machinery. Some errors are caused by our environment, like cigarette smoke or sunlight or radon gas from the earth. Those we can work to avoid by our behavior (stop smoking, wear sunscreen, get our homes checked for radon gas if we live in a part of the country where that is an issue). Some gene recipe errors are inherited from mom or dad. Each parent gives us one complete set of 20,000 gene instructions when we are formed from their single egg and sperm. That way we have two copies of each recipe, and the two versions (spellings of the recipe) from mom and dad are usually slightly different. This is a good thing, and it makes life interesting. Usually if there is a problem with one recipe inherited from one parent, the other copy of the recipe acts like a back-up! Very cool! Sometimes, however, both versions of a recipe happen to have errors, so neither can be a good back-up for the other. In other cases, the one good recipe in a cell can be damaged or lost, and then the only remaining recipes is a broken one. Now that cell has no good copy of the proper recipe and it can become confused. Some people carry damaged recipes that they have inherited. Their cells are still fine with the back-up, but the person has a cancer risk because if the remaining good recipe in a cell is accidentally lost or damaged, there is no remaining back-up and the confused cell starts to divide out of control. It is very important to remember that inherited cancer risk is nobody’s fault. It is also important to know that doctors are now better and better at checking our DNA (from a small blood sample or even cheek cells work fine for this since every cell in the body has the same collection of all the gene recipes) to look for evidence of which gene spelling variations we inherited. Doctors now know some of the most common problems. If we carry one of these, there is a chance that a cell in our body could lose the remaining good copy of the recipe and cancer could start. If we are one of these carriers, doctors may suggest that we are checked for cancer more often, so it might be caught early before it spreads. This really does save lives!
 
 
    4    What if someone has no known family history of cancer yet they still develop cancer….why does this occur?
 
Since cancer is about cells being confused by damaged gene recipes, that damage can happen different ways. I might inherit one damaged recipe that can cause problems with no other damage. More often, I might inherit a damaged recipe that causes a problem only if the remaining undamaged recipe is damaged or lost in some cell during my life. However, gene recipes can be damaged even when only good and correct copies had been inherited. This is because the process of copying all 20,000 gene recipes has to happen every time a cell divides. The process is very complicated. Luckily, cells are extremely careful about this and the trillions of cells in the body seldom make errors. However, with so many cells, and so much gene copying, some mistakes are going to happen. If the error is in the wrong place and wrong time, the cell is confused and begins to grow out of control…the first step of cancer even when neither mom nor dad passed along any errors. As we have mentioned, some gene errors are purely random accidents where nothing could be done to prevent them. However, we know that common lifestyle choices can cause gene errors and these errors can be reduced by changing behavior. The two most obvious cases are smoking and sun exposure.
 
 
    5    How does chemotherapy differ from targeted drug therapy?
 
“Chemotherapy” really just means “therapy with a chemical.” Because all drugs are really kinds of chemicals, any therapy with a drug is a kind of chemotherapy. However, cancer doctors often speak about chemotherapy as meaning the traditional approach to slow down cancer with drugs that kill cancer cells faster than they kill normal cells. This approach has saved millions of lives, so chemotherapy can be very successful. Many chemotherapies have been improved to have fewer side effects and problems. These improvements are always continuing. Doctors now often refer to “targeted drug therapies” to describe newer drugs that are designed based in the particular confusion in a tumor cell. Rather than just trying to kill the cell because it is dividing out of control, the drug is designed to attack the particular problem. Here is an analogy. Let’s say you are a police department trying to save lives by preventing criminals from speeding over 75 miles per hour as they flee from crime scenes. This might be a good idea. How to do it? One way is to use police helicopters and radar systems to identify every single vehicle (car, truck, bus, train) going faster than 75 mile per hour and assume it is a criminal fleeing a crime and shoot out their tires to get them to stop. If we had enough police and technology, this would indeed solve the problem of criminals speeding away from crime scenes. Good, right? But, what would be the unintended side effects? We might destroy all innocent emergency vehicles driving fast for other good reasons, and trains that are supposed to go fast, and trucks on interstate highways…there are lots of unintended consequences to that approach. This is a little bit like a general chemotherapy. It may be necessary to save life, but it is a “generic” solution to the problem, with side effects. Doctors hope that targeted therapies might be smarter…like only chasing vehicles with license numbers associated with a crime scene, and maybe turning off their engines by remote control technologies rather than shooting their tires. Seem like science fiction? Hopefully more and more cancer drugs will work this way in the future. This is how Gleevec works for certain kinds of GIST!
 
 
    6    Why are some cancers harder to treat than others?
 
Cancer cells are cells growing out of control because they have gene errors that cause them to be confused. Different gene errors cause different kinds of confusion. Cells confused so badly that they grow and divide very fast can be very hard to treat. On the other hand some slow cancers are also tricky because the confused cells aren’t that different from normal cells. Imagine in the previous analogy if the criminals escaping from crime scenes are only driving at 69 miles per hour rather than 75? Will we even be able to distinguish those getaway cars from normal drivers? [OK, having lived in Los Angeles, I know these particular speed numbers wouldn't make sense in California!] Another very important thing to understand about cancer cells is that they change. The original confused gene recipe that started a cancer cell growing out of control is passed to the new cancer cells every time that cell divides. BUT, the many, many, many dividing cells also have new chances for making copying mistakes of their own. That means that new gene recipe errors can crop up in the descendants of the original cells. Cancer tumors can have billions and billions of cells, so, unfortunately, many new chances for new gene recipe errors to occur by accident. Every new error has a chance of confusing cells in new ways. If there are a mixture of cancer cells with different errors starting to live together in the tumor, if a new drug is introduced by a doctor, some cells may respond to the drug and die, as desired. However, some of the cells could have gene recipe errors that cause them not to die in the presence of the drug. These cells will keep dividing and the tumor will keep growing because the surviving cells take over. It is important to know that the tumor isn’t “trying” to escape the drug therapy. The tumor doesn’t know anything about drugs – it is just a confused part of your own body. It is just that with so many cells, there will always be some variations with different gene recipe errors, and these different cells may be able to grow when a drug stops all the others. This idea that tumors have different cells with ever-changing gene recipe mistakes means that tumors evolve (a perfect example of the theory of evolution with survival of the fastest-growing cells).
 
 
    7    What is the difference between chronic illness vs acute illness?
 
A chronic illness lasts a long time and may persist for the entire life of the patient, being managed perhaps without being cured. Diabetes is a good example. Though, sadly, too many people still die from diabetes and its complications, more and more get care so they can manage their diabetes without it ever being cured. An acute illness refers to an illness that lasts a short time and is either cured or kills the patient. More and more acute illnesses can be treated and cured by modern medicine, so the patient completely recovers and is like new again. We all wish that cancers can be acute illnesses where patients are completely cured after a short time and go back to living normally. I actually have a different dream. I would like to dream that more cancers will be chronic illnesses like diabetes, so that with good drugs and strategies we learn to live with our cancer rather than die from it. I have been blessed to have lived with my SDHB-deficient familial paraganglioma cancer for more than 45 years. Sometimes it has not been a picnic, but it most of the time I don’t need to think about my cancer at all. It is also very important to say something else at this point: from the moment we are conceived, we each are on a path toward death. That is what it means to be a human. It is important to embrace that reality rather than denying it. You might say that our purpose in life is to come to terms with how to make this short life beautiful, and to consider how to learn if there is more beyond this time and space.
 
 
    8    What can we hope to see from cancer research and development in the next 25 years? 50 years?
 
The very best things we can learn to do are to 1) prevent more cancers from even starting, and 2) learn to catch more and more cancers early so they are small, have not spread, and can be cured by a small operation to remove the confused cells. We could save a massive amount of cancer suffering very quickly if we could simply convince people to stop smoking and to use sunscreen. Those two steps alone would save thousands of lives and billions of dollars every year. No fancy drugs or new kinds of surgery is required for either. Other cancers can be prevented by simply eating and drinking moderately. So prevention is the simplest, cheapest, and best solution for the future. Because the gene recipes in cells can be damaged throughout our lives, the older we are, the greater the chance of confused cells. There is no escaping that. This is why the next area for improvement is detecting cancer early so it can be cured. Simple life-saving examples are skin checks, breast self-exams, pap smears, and colonoscopies to check the lower intestines for small tumors. Removing such small tumors can completely cure them, whereas larger colon tumors can spread and kill. In the future we will learn to do more and cheaper tests (like the new colon cancer tests that can be done by collecting a stool sample at home and mailing it in to the lab). Over the coming decades I think the biggest reduction of cancer suffering will therefore come from better prevention and better early detection. Because cancer will also always be a disease of aging, no matter how much prevention or early detection, we will need to keep understanding gene recipes and all the ways they can be damaged and all the kinds of cell confusion that can result. That will be a lot of work because many of the 20,000 gene recipes can cause different kinds of confusion if damaged in different ways. We molecular biologists will be busy, and plenty of government funding will be needed for years to come to help develop new smarter and safer drugs that work specially for certain kinds of cancer. A goal will be to find solutions that are less expensive and more accessible as well. Some solutions will be about helping the body help fight off the cancer itself. Some solutions will involve learning about the details of the cell confusion so we can imagine ways to take advantage of it. My own dream is that some cancers will turn out to result from unusual kinds of confusion that may reveal interesting and unusual kinds of drug treatments that are safe and inexpensive!

3.7.21

belief

 

Many Christian churches feel the need to publish statements of faith, clarifying beliefs held in common. Such documents have both advantages and disadvantages. I often find them stuffy, full of unfamiliar code words, jargon, and obstacles to understanding. Honestly, I also often find these statements to go beyond what I have found to be the essentials of Christianity, and to claim things about the Bible that the Bible does not claim about itself. 

What would I write if I could rephrase a statement of faith? 

Below I show a typical example statement in italics and follow each element with my own version in yellow.

How about you – what would you write?

The Word of God

We believe the Bible is the Word of God, fully inspired and without error in the original manuscripts, written under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, and that it has supreme authority in all matters of faith and conduct.

 

The Bible

We believe that the fascinating scrapbook collection of ancient documents called the Bible is worth studying because it is unique in the light it sheds on God’s purposes and character.

 

The Trinity

We believe there is one living and true God, eternally existing in three persons, that these are equal in every divine perfection, and that they execute distinct but harmonious offices in the work of creation, providence, and redemption.

 

The Trinity

We believe that the God revealed in the Bible is mysterious, at once a single being but revealed in the following three ways, conveying coexistence and relationship.

 

God the Father 

We believe in God the Father, an infinite, personal spirit, perfect in holiness, wisdom, power, and love. We believe that He concerns Himself mercifully in the affairs of people, He hears and answers prayer, and He saves from sin and death all who come to Him through Jesus Christ. 

 

God the Father

We believe in God the Father as an all-powerful, personal, perfect being, who exists outside of time yet delights to engage time in a story of rescue, having provided a sacrifice to restore relationship with the human race otherwise separated from God by pride and independence. This God rescues all who accept the sacrifice offered, not because those who accept are good, but because God is good.

 

Jesus Christ

We believe in Jesus Christ, God’s only begotten Son, conceived by the Holy Spirit. We believe in His virgin birth, sinless life, miracles, and teachings. We believe in His substitutionary atoning death, bodily resurrection, and ascension into heaven, perpetual intercession for His people, and personal visible return to Earth.

 

Jesus Christ

We believe in Jesus Christ as the unique God-human, who was born miraculously without a human father, who lived and taught so as to reveal God’s character, and who willingly allowed himself to be killed and miraculously resurrected to life as the ultimate self-sacrifice, sufficient to pay the debt of imperfection accumulated by every human who will ever live.

 

The Holy Spirit

We believe in the Holy Spirit, who came forth from the Father and Son to convict the world of sin, righteousness, and judgment, and to regenerate, sanctify, and empower all who believe in Jesus Christ. We believe the Holy Spirit indwells every believer in Christ, and He is an abiding helper, teacher, and guide.

 

The Holy Spirit

We believe in the Holy Spirit, the tangible and personal presence of God interacting with people to overcome pride, motivating acceptance of God’s rescuing sacrifice, and residing lovingly in rescued lives.

 

Regeneration

We believe all are sinners by nature and by choice, and are therefore, under condemnation. We believe those who repent of their sins and trust in Jesus Christ as Savior are regenerated by the Holy Spirit.

 

New life

We believe that intrinsic human selfishness and pride separate each of us from God, necessitating a rescuing sacrifice offered by God to us, though we are undeserving. A new life, beginning now and lasting into the timelessness beyond death, comes by belief that God’s own sacrifice through the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ accomplishes this rescue.

 

The Church

We believe in the universal church, a living spiritual body of which Christ is the head and all regenerated persons are members. We believe in the local church, consisting of a company of believers in Jesus Christ, baptized on a credible profession of faith, and associated for worship, work, and fellowship. We believe God has laid upon the members of the local church the primary task of giving the Gospel of Jesus Christ to a lost world.

 

The Church

We believe that all who have been rescued constitute a global church of believers, living in gratitude for God’s grace. Local groups of believers have the opportunity to organize to explain the availability of God’s rescue and to display Christ-like selflessness in their mutual interactions and in their service to others.

 

Christian Conduct

We believe all Christians should live for the glory of God and the wellbeing of others, their conduct should be blameless before the world, they should be faithful stewards of their possessions, and they should seek to realize for themselves and others the full stature of maturity in Christ.

 

Christian conduct

We believe that the purpose of the Christian life is to exemplify gratitude, imitating Jesus Christ, living in an attractive manner, and influencing the whole earth for good.

 

The last things

We believe in the personal and visible return of the Lord Jesus Christ to earth and the establishment of His Kingdom. We believe in the resurrection of the body, the final judgment, the eternal happiness of the righteous, and the endless suffering of the wicked.

 

The end of time

We believe that, just as there was a beginning to time, there will be an end to time for the human race. Beyond that singularity, we believe that Jesus Christ will again make himself known, consciousness will continue for all who have ever lived, and we rely only on grace for the hope of undeserved joy in eternal timelessness with God.

 

The Ordinances

We believe our Lord Jesus Christ has committed two ordinances to the local church: baptism and the Lord’s Supper. We believe Christian baptism is the immersion of a believer in water into the name of the triune God. We believe the Lord’s Supper was instituted by Christ for commemoration of His death. We believe these two ordinances should be observed and administered until the return of the Lord Jesus Christ.

 

Symbolic ceremonies

We believe that Jesus Christ urged his followers to participate in two special symbolic ceremonies – baptism in water as evidence of acceptance of the sacrifice of Jesus, and eating communion food together to remember Jesus’ last meal with his closest followers.

 

10.15.20